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|
SANTE
|
Prévention
du SIDA
| Entretien avec le docteur Ahmédou Ould Ahmédou “Un centre de dépistage anonyme et gratuit sera ouvert prochainement à Nouakcott ” Hématologue, le docteur Ahemédou est le responsable de l’Unité Sécurité Sanguine et Soins au Programme National de Lutte contre le Sida (PNLS). Comme spécialiste du sang, Ould Ahmédou, qui a tout récemment animé un atelier de formation sur le sida au profit des journalistes nationaux, explique l’importance du dépistage dans la prévention et la lutte contre cette maladie sans vaccin ni traitement efficace Nouakchott-Info : Le dépistage du VIH constitue l’un des axes stratégiques de tous les programmes nationaux de lutte contre le Sida. Pourquoi, selon vous ? |
Ahmedou
Ould Ahmedou : Le dépistage volontaire, anonyme et gratuit constitue
un grand axe stratégique dans les programmes de lutte contre
la propagation du SIDA. C’est pourquoi la coordination nationale de
notre programme a inscrit cet axe dans toutes ses actions stratégiques.
Nous, nous attelons à ce que tout sang destiné à
la transfusion, sur le tout le territoire national, soit sécurisé.
Aujourd’hui, je peux vous assurer qu’aucune goutte de sang, en Mauritanie,
n’est transfusée sans que sa sécurité soit totalement
garantie pour le patient et le personnel soignant.
En réalité, le dépistage est un mode d’action très
important pour la qualité de la transfusion. Car, il permet aux
personnes porteuses du VIH de ne pas donner leur sang à des personnes
qui n’en portent pas. Le dépistage garde ainsi son importance
pour prévenir la transmission du VIH. C’est pourquoi, le ministère
de la Santé et des Affaires Sociales, en collaboration avec nos
différents partenaires, à travers le Programme National
de Lutte contre le Sida (PNLS), a fait de la transfusion du sang sécurisé
un axe prioritaire de la lutte contre la pandémie. Cet intérêt
se matérialisera très prochainement par la création
d’un Centre de Dépistage Anonyme et Gratuit. Je ne peux pas vous
donner la date exacte de l’ouverture de ce centre, mais elle est proche.
N.I
: Quel est l’intérêt pour une personne de savoir son
statut sérologique ? Autrement dit pourquoi doit-on chercher
à savoir qu’on est séronégatif ou séropositif
?
A.O.A : Connaître son statut sérologique est important
pour la personne porteuse du VIH. Car en sachant son statut sérologique,
la personne va adopter des comportements sans risque qui limiteront
la propagation de la maladie et améliorent son état
de santé. Je voudrais souligner que certains comportements
à risque, comme la multiplicité des partenaires, aggravent
l’infection à VIH de la personne déjà atteinte.
En un mot, en sachant sa séropositivité et adoptant
des comportements sains, le patient évite la détérioration
rapide de sa santé tout en épargnant ses partenaires.
NI
: Selon vous, quand, doit-on, décider à savoir son statut
sérologique en faisant le dépistage ?
A.O.A
: A mon sens, toute personne doit passer le test de dépistage
du VIH /SIDA sans se borner à dire que certaines personnes
sont plus à risque que d’autres. Il est vrai qu’il y a certains
corps et certaines professions à risque, mais toute personne
consciencieuse devrait faire le test de dépistage du VIH/SIDA.
De cette sorte, une personne séronégative ( qui ne porte
pas le VIH) pourra éviter tout comportement qui risque de la
rendre séropositive.
NI
: Le test de dépistage prénuptial (avant le mariage)
fait couler beaucoup de salive en Mauritanie. Quel intérêt
revêt-il pour les conjoints ?
A.O.A
: C’est une question à laquelle je ne peux pas répondre.
Mais je pense qu’un consensus national doit être trouvé
autour de la question. C’est utile qu’un couple, qui veut se stabiliser,
sache son statut sérologique pour prévenir la maladie.
L’important est de se focaliser sur la lutte contre la maladie tout
en portant le soutien nécessaire aux personnes vivant avec
le sida. Je pense, en fait, si on développement l’éducation
et la sensibilisation, le problème ne va pas se poser pour
les conjoints.
NI
: Vous avez dit que très prochainement, un Central de dépistage
anonyme, volontaire et gratuit va ouvrir ses portes à tous
ceux qui désirent subir gratuitement et volontairement le dépistage
dans l’anonymat. Qu’entendez-vous par ” gratuitement “,
volontairement ” et “dans l’anonymat” ?
AO.A
: Ce centre va démarrer sous peu. Malheureusement le coordinateur
du PNLS n’est pas là pour vous donner plus d’informations sur
ce centre. Néanmoins, je peux vous dire que sa réalisation
est très proche. Ce sera gratuit puisque le candidat au dépistage
ne paiera pas. C’est volontaire, puisque avec la sensibilisation,
nous espérons les candidats vont venir sans étiquette
et sans gêne pour se faire dépister. C’est enfin anonyme
puisque nous ne communiquerons le résultat qu’au candidat à
lui seul dans le strict respect du secret de la profession.
N.I
: Qu’est -ce que vous a appris votre profession qui vous a conduit
à côtoyer les malades du SIDA, en Côte d’Ivoire
et en Mauritanie ?
A.O.A
: La Mauritanie est dans une phase très critique de l’évolution
de la maladie. Nous sommes inquiets d’autant plus que notre population
n’est pas très consciente de la problématique du SIDA.
C’est pourquoi nous avons souhaité la coopération du
personnel de la communication. Les bases de cette coopération
ont été jetées les 9, 10 et 11 juillet derniers
lors de l’atelier de formation sur le sida organisé par le
PNLS au profit des journalistes des différents médias
(presse écrite et audiovisuelle, officielle et privée).
Au sortir de cet atelier, je suis persuadé que les médias
joueront dorénavant un rôle déterminant dans la
sensibilisation des populations. Dans d’autres pays où j’ai
vécu l’expérience, la phase de démystification
est dépassée. Car là ce sont les malades du sida
qui prennent l’initiative de combattre la propagation de la maladie
en sensibilisant les populations. On s’achemine, inéluctablement,
vers l’acceptation de ces personnes, tout en respectant leurs personne
et dignité. Je regrette qu’en Mauritanie, la phase de sensibilisation
n’ait pas encore atteint ce niveau. Mon souhait aurait été
que les personnes vivant avec le sida s’engagent à intervenir
à la télévision, à la radio et dans la
presse écrite afin de sensibiliser les populations au danger
du sida. Il en existe déjà des volontaires, mais les
pressions familiales les empêcher de le faire. Leur engagement
aiderait sans doute à démystifier et à combattre
cette terrible maladie.
NI
:Des études internationales sous le contrôle de l’ONUSIDA
ont essayé de déterminer certains facteurs qui influent
sur la propagation de la maladie, selon les pays. Quels sont, en général,
les principaux déterminants du sida, en Mauritanie ?
A.O.A
: Nous n’avons pas d’études à ce niveau et je ne peux
pas me prononcer. Car nous n’avons que des approximations et les approximations
restent des approximations !
Quatre
jours après l’atelier de formation sur le sida au profit des
journalistes et communicateurs, en tant que responsable de cet atelier,
qu’attendez-vous, à long terme, de la presse dans la lutte
contre le sida ?
A.O.A
: D’abord, permettez-moi, à travers votre journal de remercier
tous les journalistes qui ont suivi cette formation avec intérêt.
En sortant de l’atelier avec une masse d’informations aussi importante,
je pense que les journalistes sont désormais édifiés
sur le sida. Ce qui va leur permettre de participer pleinement à
la campagne de sensibilisation que mène le PNLS. D’ailleurs,
une recommandation importante est sortie de cet atelier. Tous les
participants ont décidé de créer une association
de journalistes pour la lutte contre le sida. Actuellement, une commission
restreinte est en train de finaliser le cadre de cette association,
qui pourrait s’appeler : ” Journalistes contre le sida”.
Propos recueillis par Samba Demba Barry
Circoncision
masculine et sida
Probablement,
il existe un lien entre la non circoncision masculine et l’infection
à VIH. C’est le résultat d’une trentaine d’études épidémiologiques en
Afrique subsaharienne analysées par l’ONUSIDA. Mais, les chercheurs
sont encore hésitants quant au lien effectif entre l’infection à VIH
et la non circoncision masculine. Car cette relation varierait d’une
population à une autre, et l’état de la recherche ne permet pas une
conclusion définitive. Néanmoins, une chose est sûre : la circoncision
masculine a un effet protecteur important. Aujourd’hui, le lien entre
la circoncision masculine et la diminution du risque de transmission
des maladies sexuellement transmissibles ulcéreuses comme la chancrelle
et la syphilis est bien établi. Selon les études sus- mentionnées, la
circoncision peut aussi avoir une action directe sur l’infection à VIH,
car le virus peut passer à travers les lésions micro-traumatiques ou
de petites ulcérations du prépuce dont les cellules (les cellules Langerhns)
peuvent être les principales voies du passage du VIH. Toutefois, il
faut savoir que la circoncision masculine ne peut pas empêcher la transmission
du VIH sans être accompagnée de pratiques sexuelles sûres, d’une hygiène
sexuellement irréprochable et surtout d’un usage systématique du préservatif
lors des rapports sexuels avec des partenaires occasionnel (les) et
à défaut de pouvoir s’abstenir de ces rapports.