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|
DISSOLUTION
DE AC |
Dissolution
de AC, Ce qu’en pensent les gens
Comme ses
responsables et militants le craignaient, Action pour le Changement
(AC) a donc été dissout le 2 janvier 2002 par décision
du conseil des ministres. L’épée de Damoclès n’est
pas restée longtemps suspendue sur ce parti depuis les débats
houleux de l’Assemblée Nationale du 24 décembre. On se
rappelle que durant cette plénière, certains députés
PRDS ont demandé expressément la dissolution de AC, taxant
ce parti de raciste et de dangereux pour la concorde civile. Manifestement,
le gouvernement a suivi en faisant écho aux craintes des députés
de la majorité présidentielle.
Pour avoir les réactions des uns et des autres sur cette décision,
nous sommes allés un peu partout à Nouakchott pour donner
la parole à quelques citoyens issus de milieux sociaux différents.
Ces personnes nous ont livré leurs avis en sollicitant l’usage
de pseudonymes pour garder l’anonymat.
Ahmed
(50 ans), commerçant à El Mina, ancien déporté
du sénégal: “Je n’ai pas compris l’obstination de
AC à poser toujours le problème de la crise de 1989. Tout
le monde sait que nous avons perdu tous nos biens et nos parents ont
été assassinés. Pour moi, le problème a
été réglé depuis longtemps et c’est la Mauritanie
qui a perdu ses citoyens et leurs biens”.
Brahim,
37 ans, boucher à Sebkha: “Messaoud nous embête
avec la question de l’esclavage. Cette pratique n’existe plus dans notre
pays. Mais, nous, les haratines, nous devons nous instruire pour être
au même niveau que les autres. Il ne nous manque que l’instruction”.
Coumba,
vendeuse de légumes à Sebkha, mère d’une famille
de sept enfants: “Ce qui nous manque, c’est de subvenir aux besoins
de nos familles. Si Messaoud veut faire quelque chose pour nous qu’il
regarde de ce côté-là. L’esclavage fait partie de
l’histoire”.
Werzeg,
35 ans, colporteur au marché de la capitale: “Nous n’avons
plus de maîtres et ceci depuis longtemps. Mais nous sommes dans
la même situation que les esclaves. Nous sommes des ignorants
; nous ne pouvons pas nous affranchir”.
Aïchetou,
25 ans, domestique: “J’ai un traitement mensuel de 8.000 UM.
Mes patrons me traitent comme une esclave. Mais tant mieux, j’arrive
quand même à gagner mon pain”.
Bâ
Amadou, 33 ans, chauffeur de taxi: “Je voudrai vous dire que
l’esclavage existait dans toutes les composantes de la société
mauritanienne. Pour parler vrai, cette pratique n’existe plus. Seulement
des séquelles subsistent qui sont, pour le moment, indélébiles”.
M’Bareck,
35 ans, vendeur de méchoui de chameau: “En réalité,
je ne suis plus esclave, mais je me comporte comme tel lorsque je rencontre
mes anciens maîtres. Je ne peux pas expliquer mon attitude”.
Abderrahmane,
55 ans, commerçant au Ksar: “Notre famille possédait
beaucoup d’esclaves avant la sécheresse de 1973. Mais ils nous
ont quitté pour les villes afin de gagner leur subsistance. Nous
ne pouvons plus subvenir à leurs besoins. Aujourd’hui, nous entretenons
de bons rapports avec eux. Ce sont des membres très importants
de notre tribu. Ils cotisent avec nous au même pied d’égalité”.
Sabar,
colporteur au marché de Sebkha: “Il faut dire la vérité.
Cette pratique existe dans certains endroits de la Mauritanie, mais
avec le consentement des esclaves. Qu’ils quittent leurs maîtres
et personne ne les poursuivra”.
Diawara,
49 ans, transporteur: “On se confond avec nos esclaves. Partez
à Boully (Guidimagha), vous allez voir que nous sommes égaux”.
Mahmoud,
31 ans, instituteur à Arafat: “C’est un fonds de commerce
que AC veut fructifier à des fins machiavéliques. L’esclavage
n’existe plus. La preuve : mes parents étaient esclaves mais
moi, j’ai pu me marier à une mauresque issue de la communauté
de mes maîtres”.
M’Bareck,
professeur (militant d’AC): “Les gens ne disent jamais la vérité.
L’esclavage persiste. Tant que les lois de ce pays n’ont pas été
revues pour résoudre la question de l’héritage dans la
propriété foncière, nous demeurons des esclaves”.
Dahmane,
50 ans, chômeur: “Je suis un hartani ; je viens de la
moughataa de Tintane au Hodh Gharbi. Je peux vous citer une trentaine
d’esclaves qui sont encore avec leurs maîtres. Peut-être,
ils acceptent cette condition. L’esclavage est une réalité
au Hodh. Ne soyez pas dupes”.
Mohamed
Mahmoud: “Le gouvernement a dissout AC. Mais le problème
est que ce parti verra le jour sous une autre dénomination comme
ce qui était advenu avec l’UFD/en. L’Etat doit interdire et à
jamais les partis racistes et xénophobes qui prônent l’intolérance”.
El Maleh,
41 ans, fonctionnaire: “J’étais militant d’AC. Je sais
que notre parti a été victime d’une conspiration. En Mauritanie,
on ne peut pas exposer les vrais problèmes. Le PRDS veut rester
cavalier seul aux présidentielles 2003. C’est sûr qu’il
va dissoudre tous les autres partis. Mon point de vue est que tous les
partis d’opposition s’autodissolvent”.
Salah,
40 ans, fonctionnaire: “Tout le monde sait que l’esclavage
existe. On ne dit jamais la vérité dans ce pays. Nous,
les militants d’AC, nous ne reculerons jamais”.
Demba
Yero, 50 ans, chômeur, ancien déporté
au Sénégal: “J’ai pu regagner mon pays. Mais ma famille
demeure au Sénégal. Certains déportés refusent
de revenir craignant des représailles. Mais moi, je n’ai rencontré
dans mon pays que la paix et la concorde. Dieu merci”.
Saleck,
41 ans, professeur d’Arabe: “Soyons sérieux, AC mérite
ce sort. Nous ne pouvons plus vivre avec ces anachronismes. Nous sommes
un peuple libre et nous sommes égaux devant les lois de notre
République”.
On le voit,
les joutes oratoires fin décembre 2001 à l’Assemblée
Nationale et l’interdiction de AC provoquent un vrai débat au
sein de l’opinion publique. Tout le microcosme politique nouakchottois
est en effervescence.
Ceux qui soutiennent les thèses du parti AC dissout tirent argument
de certains dossiers de droit de l’homme, estimant que ce sont là
les vrais problèmes de leurs électeurs et qu’il était
de leur droit de les poser au premier plan.
A l’opposé, d’autres estiment que les sorties de Messaoud ne
font que réveiller les démons déjà bien
endormis depuis des lustres. Une telle démarche, affirment-ils,
ne peut que nuire au climat de concorde et de paix civile et sociale.
D’autres ont des positions intermédiaires, voulant jouer aux
modérateurs en prônant de “détaboutiser”
la question de l’esclavage pour que certains opportunistes cessent de
l’utiliser comme fonds de commerce
Sidi Ould Maloum
Interview
: Ladji Traoré :
“Nous imaginerons les voies et moyens de poursuivre le combat”
Ladji
Traoré est l’une des figures de proue de Action pour le Changement
(AC), parti frappé d’une mesure d’interdiction la fin de la semaine
dernière sous le motif d'”atteinte à l’unité
nationale et d’incitation à l’intolérance par un discours
raciste et extrémiste”. Ladji Traoré est membre fondateur
de AC et y a toujours occupé une position de choix. A la création
du parti en 1995, il fut élu secrétaire général
adjoint et chargé de l’orientation politique. Il est membre du
bureau exécutif et s’occupait de multiples tâches au sein
de AC.
Nous avons eu avec lui l’entretien qui suit pour en savoir plus sur
les projet envisagés par les dirigeants du parti dissout ainsi
que l’analyse qu’ils font de la mesure de dissolution.
Nouakchott-Info
: Quelle sera l’attitude de AC si le recours devant la justice n’aboutit
pas?
Ladji Traoré : Question pertinente dans les conditions
de notre pays où, comme tout le monde le sait, le judiciaire
n’est pas indépendant; mais reste strictement inféodé
et manipulé pour l’essentiel par l’Exécutif. Cette constatation
grave est totalement triviale dans notre contexte, à tel point
que l’on est en droit de se poser la question sur l’utilité,
la pertinence même de porter, après deux expériences
précédentes négatives, un tel litige devant la
justice.
Néanmoins, nous le faisons. Car toutes choses considérées
par ailleurs, la décision de dissoudre AC, si l’on fait abstraction
des petits calculs de précampagne électorale présidentielle,
pour déstabiliser un des adversaires, parmi les protagonistes
les plus crédibles, les plus représentatifs aussi, quitte
à voir comment le puzzle va se réorganiser d’ici les prochaines
présidentielles, rien, rien ne justifie la dissolution de notre
parti.
D’ailleurs, dans le décret de dissolution, aucune justification
n’a été avancée sauf la référence
à l’article 4 de l’ordonnance de 1991 portant création
des partis politiques qui donne la capacité au gouvernement de
dissoudre les partis politiques (article 30) du même décret
à chaque fois qu’ils dérangent le pouvoir, se démarquent
de sa politique sur une question interne ou d’ordre international. C’est
l’épée de Damoclès, la terreur permanente sur la
tête des partis. Mais s’ils sont sages, ne transgressent aucune
règle jugée taboue par le prince, aucune “ligne rouge”
suivant l’expression consacrée, les partis sont tolérés
et même récompensés, subventionnés pour bien
meubler la galerie.
Voilà un prototype de loi directement héritée de
l’arsenal qui balise la démocratie mauritanienne, entre autres
lois qu’il faudra bien revoir et rendre conformes aux normes démocratiques.
Au plan politique et judiciaire, nous nous en remettons à la
compétence de nos avocats et à la conscience des juges
mauritaniens qui vont se pencher sur un dossier désespérément
vide.
En effet, si évoquer l’esclavage, la situation des déportés
et tout le passif humanitaire des années 1989, 90 et 91, c’est
inciter au désordre intérieur et au conflit avec nos voisins,
cela semble l’argument nécessaire pour convaincre l’opinion,
il faut bien reconnaître que le gouvernement nous revient de loin!
Car, entre autres, ces questions figurent en bonne place dans le programme
politique sur la base duquel AC a été constitué
depuis six ans; et n’a cessé de revenir et de se battre sur ces
questions, depuis bientôt sept ans d’existence, au vu et au su
de tout le monde: dans son action politique quotidienne, ses campagnes
à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur du pays.
Qu’y a-t-il au fond de nouveau?
A mon humble avis, c’est que le débat a quitté la rue
pour pénétrer notre auguste Assemblée, d’où
il est relayé par les médias. Cela est jugé dangereux
et commence à battre en brèche la propagande unilatérale
qui a été servie à l’opinion depuis douze ans.
Pour revenir à la lettre de votre question, si pour extraordinaire
le recours de AC n’aboutit pas, ses dirigeants, militants et sympathisants
continueront de porter le programme de AC dans leur cœur, dans
leur tête et imagineront alors les voies et moyens de poursuivre
leur combat jusqu’à la réalisation de leurs idéaux
démocratiques contre l’exclusion communautaire, l’esclavage et
le racisme.
N.I.
: L’alternative d’intégrer un nouveau parti de l’opposition
telle que l’aurait proposée un leader du RFD est-elle envisageable?
L’option de créer un nouveau parti serait-elle en vue?
Ladji Traoré : Je regroupe pour les besoins de l’exposé
une question que vous avez divisée en deux. L’option fondamentale
et stratégique de notre parti, c’est de lutter pas à pas
pour approfondir la démocratie, préserver l’acquis et
faire des avancées sans renier ni notre âme, ni quémander
ce qui, à nos yeux, constitue des droits fondamentaux en démocratie
pluraliste: créer des partis sur des programmes différents,
les défendre y compris dans l’enceinte du parlement sans excès,
ni outrance. Nous réclamons et continuerons de réclamer
un débat ouvert, serein à tous les acteurs politiques
sur toutes les questions fondamentales en vue de rechercher des solutions
positives et consensuelles. Nous pensons que dans le contexte de notre
pays, cela est incontournable et plus urgent que jamais. Il faut renoncer
à la trique et aux oukases, aux décrets en une ligne!
La deuxième partie de votre question m’embarrasse quelque peu,
car je pense qu’en démocratie, chaque parti est et doit être
libre de trouver des solutions à ses problèmes internes,
mais la question de l’UFD/en en voie d’intégration ou de fusion
avec le RFD est une situation typique de la recherche difficile d’une
voie de survie dans un contexte que l’on veut continuer de considérer
comme démocratique. Au fond, on oblige nos politiciens à
se ranger et contenir dans des lits de Procuste ! Ce n’est ni aisé,
ni une voie qui doit être donnée en exemple. C’est un pis
aller et qui ne va pas sans difficultés. C’est une expérience
en cours, il n’est pas sage de la prêcher comme exemple.
Quant à AC, confrontée à l’épreuve actuelle,
elle préfère se mobiliser, s’organiser, et en mettant
l’opinion et le bon droit de son côté, exercer les pressions
nécessaires pour la levée de la mesure arbitraire, inexplicable
qui le frappe.
N.I.
: Combien coûtera à AC la dissolution?
Ladji Traoré : La dissolution coûtera à AC
une grave entrave à son action, au contact avec les diverses
couches de la population, la liberté de mouvement et d’expression.
Cela n’est pas proprement comptable, mais il est immense! Voyez-vous
la politique, c’est cela le nœud de la question. L’argent, les
subventions sont des moyens, certes importants, mais rien que des moyens.
Quand le gouvernement a pris la nouvelle loi sur le financement des
partis, nous avons applaudi mollement et avons mis en garde contre la
volonté d’user des subventions comme moyen de chantage pour émasculer
les partis, en faire des officines politiciennes, de simples boutiques.
Nos craintes sont justifiées. Car, entre autres raisons, le pouvoir
rechigne devant la perspective de donner une subvention à un
parti qui, sans moyens financiers et matériels, parvient à
l’inquiéter. D’aucuns disent aussi qu’accorder des subventions
à AC dans la perspective des prochaines élections présidentielles,
cela revient pour le régime à planter le couteau dans
son propre sein! Alors il fait plus court ; il supprime AC et son droit
à deux années de subventions. Cette hypothèse est
loin, à mon avis, d’être farfelue!
Pour ce qui est des montants, nous nous rapprocherons le moment venu
des services de la dépense pour un calcul rigoureux de notre
dû.
Propos recueillis par Cheikh Sall